Ancient fermented dish linked to immune changes amid devastating flu season

Food Studies

Ancient fermented dish linked to immune changes amid devastating flu season

New study found immune cell changes tied to kimchi consumption, but doctor urges moderation

Andrea Margolis Fox News

Published

January 21, 2026 9:31am EST

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A fermented staple found in the refrigerated section of many Asian grocery storesis drawing new scientific interest for its potential effects on immune-related processes.

Kimchi, a crunchy, tangy side dish consisting of fermented cabbage and gochugaru, or Korean chili powder, has been eaten for centuries in Korea.

Kimchi is lacto-fermented and was developed long before modern refrigeration, though it still needs to be kept cold today.

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Its garlicky, spicy taste has made it a palate cleanser in Korean cuisine.But beyond its culinary appeal, researchers are beginning to examine how kimchi may influence certain immune-related biological pathways.

A recent study, published in the journal npj Science of Food in November, reported single-cell changes in immune signaling associated with kimchi powder consumption.

Some Americans are exploring fermented foods like kimchi as flu season increases interest in immune-related nutrition. (iStock)

Immunomodulation is the process that fine-tunes how the immune system responds to threats.

In a small, 12-week study of 13 overweight adults who consumed daily kimchi powder capsules, researchers observed measurable changes in immune cell signaling.

The powder was "equivalent to 30 grams of fresh kimchi," according to the study.

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Specifically, researchers observed increased activity in certain antigen-presenting immune cells, helping the immune system recognize threats.

The study also noted changes in CD4 T cells, or "helper" cells, though the researchers did not assess clinical immune outcomes.

Close-up of kimchi piece with gochujaru sauce

Kimchi's tangy and spicy flavor has made it a versatile addition to American fusion dishes and snacks. (iStock)

Dr. Zaid Fadul, an Arizona-based physician and CEO of Bespoke Concierge MD, told Fox News Digital that, while the study is promising, experts "need to be careful about making too many promises."

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"The researchers only measured changes in the blood cells and gene activity, not whether people actually got sick less often," he said.

Fadul cautioned that, while the study points to changes in immune cell signaling, he would not recommend people eat kimchi specifically for immune support, noting its more established benefits for gut health and cholesterol.

Researchers studied the effects of daily kimchi powder consumption on immune cell signaling in overweight adults over a 12-week period. (iStock)

A major drawback to kimchi, Fadul said, is that it's "made with a lot of salt."

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"One serving of kimchi, about half a cup, can contain 500 to 1,000 milligrams of sodium," he said.

"If you're eating kimchi multiple times a day, you could easily consume a whole day's worth of sodium from kimchi alone."

Kimchi is made with garlic, chili powder and cabbage. It contains naturally occurring probiotics that have been studied for various health-related effects. (iStock)

Above all, Fadul stressed that "moderation and variety are key."

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"You can enjoy kimchi as part of a balanced diet by treating it as a condiment or side dish rather than a main course," he said. "Start with small amounts if you're new to it."

Andrea Margolis is a lifestyle writer for Fox News Digital and Fox Business. Readers can follow her on X at @andreamargs or send story tips to andrea.margolis@fox.com .

Ancient fermented dish linked to immune changes amid devastating flu season